Melatonin demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing sleep latency [...] and increasing total sleep time [...]. Trials with longer duration and using higher doses of melatonin demonstrated greater effects on decreasing sleep latency and increasing total sleep time. Overall sleep quality was significantly improved in subjects taking melatonin [...] compared to placebo. No significant effects of trial duration and melatonin dose were observed on sleep quality.
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Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Monteferrario F, Antoniello N, Manni R, Klersy C. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Jan;59(1):82-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03232.x.
Read the AbstractOlde Rikkert MG, Rigaud AS. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2001 Dec;34(6):491-7.
Read the AbstractCostello R, Lentino C, Boyd C, O'Connell M, Crawford C, Sprengel M, Deuster P. Nutr J. 2014; 13: 106.
Read the AbstractMasters A, Pandi-Perumal S, Seixas A, Girardin JL, McFarlane S. Brain Disord Ther. 2014; 4(1): 1000151. doi: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000151
Read the AbstractJanjua I, Goldman R. Can Fam Physician. 2016 Apr; 62(4): 315–316.
Read the Abstract[L-Tryptophan] significantly reduced sleep onset latency [...] Those subjects with latencies longer than 40 mins. had the greatest reduction in latency [...] and also evidenced high levels of anxiety on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale initially. Subjects with latency between 20 and 40 minutes appeared to receive the longest lasting hypnotic effect from the higher dose.
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Hartmann E, Spinweber CL. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1979 Aug;167(8):497-9.
Read the AbstractSchneider-Helmert D, Spinweber CL. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1986;89(1):1-7.
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Read the AbstractRichard D, Dawes M, Mathias C, Acheson A, Hill-Kapturczak N, Dougherty D. Int J Tryptophan Res. 2009; 2: 45–60.
Read the AbstractOf six sleep-diary measures analysed, sleep quality showed a significantly better rating for passionflower compared with placebo [...] These initial findings suggest that the consumption of a low dose of Passiflora incarnata [...] yields short-term subjective sleep benefits for healthy adults with mild fluctuations in sleep quality.
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Krenn L. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2002;152(15-16):404-6.
Read the AbstractMaroo N, Hazra, A, Das T. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013 Jan-Feb; 45(1): 34–39. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.106432
Read the AbstractElsas SM, Rossi DJ, Raber J, White G, Seeley CA, Gregory WL, Mohr C, Pfankuch T, Soumyanath A. Phytomedicine. 2010 Oct;17(12):940-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.002. Epub 2010 Apr 10.
Read the AbstractGrundmann O, Wang J, McGregor GP, Butterweck V. Planta Med. 2008 Dec;74(15):1769-73. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1088322. Epub 2008 Nov 12.
Read the AbstractThe purpose of this research was to determine whether valerian/lemon balm could assist by enhancing sleep patterns in this client group. [...] Subjects were selected randomly in a sampling method utilizing two groups of 50 people (intervention group with valerian/lemon balm and placebo group). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered pre and post-intervention. [...] A significant difference was observed [...] amongst the experimental group when compared to the placebo group.
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Shi Y, Dong JW, Zhao JH, Tang LN, Zhanga JJ. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2014 May; 12(3): 289–302.
Read the AbstractAwad R, Levac D, Cybulska P, Merali Z, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;85(9):933-42.
Read the AbstractKennedy DO, Wake G, Savelev S, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Oct;28(10):1871-81. PubMed PMID: 12888775.
Read the AbstractKennedy DO, Little W, Scholey AB. Psychosom Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;66(4):607-13.
Read the AbstractThe sleep-promoting effects and changes in c-Fos induced by magnolol were reversed by flumazenil, an antagonist at the benzodiazepine site of the GABA(A) receptor. These results indicate that magnolol increased NREM and REM sleep via the GABA(A) receptor.
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Qu WM, Yue XF, Sun Y, Fan K, Chen CR, Hou YP, Urade Y, Huang ZL. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Oct; 167(3): 587–598. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02010.x
Read the AbstractWoodbury A, Ping Yu S, Wei L, García P. Front Neurol. 2013; 4: 130. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00130
Read the AbstractShi Y, Dong JW, Zhao JH, Tang LN, Zhanga JJ. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2014 May; 12(3): 289–302.
Read the AbstractChen CR, Tan R, Qu WM, Wu Z, Wang Y, Urade Y, Huang ZL. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Nov; 164(5): 1534–1546.
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