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Ingredient Research

Melatonin

Melatonin

Melatonin demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing sleep latency [...] and increasing total sleep time [...]. Trials with longer duration and using higher doses of melatonin demonstrated greater effects on decreasing sleep latency and increasing total sleep time. Overall sleep quality was significantly improved in subjects taking melatonin [...] compared to placebo. No significant effects of trial duration and melatonin dose were observed on sleep quality.

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Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH. PLoS One. 2013 May 17;8(5):e63773. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063773. Print 2013.

Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Monteferrario F, Antoniello N, Manni R, Klersy C. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Jan;59(1):82-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03232.x.

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Olde Rikkert MG, Rigaud AS. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2001 Dec;34(6):491-7.

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Costello R, Lentino C, Boyd C, O'Connell M, Crawford C, Sprengel M, Deuster P. Nutr J. 2014; 13: 106.

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Masters A, Pandi-Perumal S, Seixas A, Girardin JL, McFarlane S. Brain Disord Ther. 2014; 4(1): 1000151. doi: 10.4172/2168-975X.1000151

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Janjua I, Goldman R. Can Fam Physician. 2016 Apr; 62(4): 315–316.

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L-Tryptophan

L-Tryptophan

[L-Tryptophan] significantly reduced sleep onset latency [...] Those subjects with latencies longer than 40 mins. had the greatest reduction in latency [...] and also evidenced high levels of anxiety on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale initially. Subjects with latency between 20 and 40 minutes appeared to receive the longest lasting hypnotic effect from the higher dose.

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Brown CC, Horrom NJ, Wagman AM. Waking Sleeping. 1979 Apr;3(2):101-8.

Hartmann E, Spinweber CL. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1979 Aug;167(8):497-9.

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Schneider-Helmert D, Spinweber CL. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1986;89(1):1-7.

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Spinweber CL, Ursin R, Hilbert RP, Hilderbrand RL. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1983 Jun;55(6):652-61.

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Richard D, Dawes M, Mathias C, Acheson A, Hill-Kapturczak N, Dougherty D. Int J Tryptophan Res. 2009; 2: 45–60.

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Passion Flower

Passion Flower

Of six sleep-diary measures analysed, sleep quality showed a significantly better rating for passionflower compared with placebo [...] These initial findings suggest that the consumption of a low dose of Passiflora incarnata [...] yields short-term subjective sleep benefits for healthy adults with mild fluctuations in sleep quality.

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Ngan A, Conduit R. Phytother Res. 2011 Aug;25(8):1153-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3400. Epub 2011 Feb 3.

Krenn L. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2002;152(15-16):404-6.

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Maroo N, Hazra, A, Das T. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013 Jan-Feb; 45(1): 34–39. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.106432

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Elsas SM, Rossi DJ, Raber J, White G, Seeley CA, Gregory WL, Mohr C, Pfankuch T, Soumyanath A. Phytomedicine. 2010 Oct;17(12):940-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.002. Epub 2010 Apr 10.

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Grundmann O, Wang J, McGregor GP, Butterweck V. Planta Med. 2008 Dec;74(15):1769-73. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1088322. Epub 2008 Nov 12.

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Lemon Balm

Lemon Balm

The purpose of this research was to determine whether valerian/lemon balm could assist by enhancing sleep patterns in this client group. [...] Subjects were selected randomly in a sampling method utilizing two groups of 50 people (intervention group with valerian/lemon balm and placebo group). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered pre and post-intervention. [...] A significant difference was observed [...] amongst the experimental group when compared to the placebo group.

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Taavoni S, Nazem Ekbatani N, Haghani H. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2013 Nov;19(4):193-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 Sep 10.

Shi Y, Dong JW, Zhao JH, Tang LN, Zhanga JJ. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2014 May; 12(3): 289–302.

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Awad R, Levac D, Cybulska P, Merali Z, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;85(9):933-42.

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Kennedy DO, Wake G, Savelev S, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Oct;28(10):1871-81. PubMed PMID: 12888775.

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Kennedy DO, Little W, Scholey AB. Psychosom Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;66(4):607-13.

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Magnolia Bark

Magnolia Bark

The sleep-promoting effects and changes in c-Fos induced by magnolol were reversed by flumazenil, an antagonist at the benzodiazepine site of the GABA(A) receptor. These results indicate that magnolol increased NREM and REM sleep via the GABA(A) receptor.

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Chen CR, Zhou XZ, Luo YJ, Huang ZL, Urade Y, Qu WM. Neuropharmacology. 2012 Nov;63(6):1191-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.031. Epub 2012 Jul 4.

Qu WM, Yue XF, Sun Y, Fan K, Chen CR, Hou YP, Urade Y, Huang ZL. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Oct; 167(3): 587–598. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02010.x

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Woodbury A, Ping Yu S, Wei L, García P. Front Neurol. 2013; 4: 130. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00130

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Shi Y, Dong JW, Zhao JH, Tang LN, Zhanga JJ. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2014 May; 12(3): 289–302.

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Chen CR, Tan R, Qu WM, Wu Z, Wang Y, Urade Y, Huang ZL. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Nov; 164(5): 1534–1546.

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