Ingredient Research
Benfotiamine
Benfotiamine
The absorption rate and extent of [benfotiamine's] systemic availability of thiamine were significantly increased, indicating higher bioavailability of thiamine from [an oral dose of benfotiamine] compared to [an oral dose of] thiamine hydrochloride.
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Hammes HP, Du X, Edelstein D, Taguchi T, Matsumura T, Ju Q, Lin J, Bierhaus A, Nawroth P, Hannak D, Neumaier M, Bergfeld R, Giardino I, Brownlee M. Nat Med. 2003 Mar;9(3):294-9.
Read the AbstractStirban A, Negrean M, Stratmann B, Gawlowski T, Horstmann T, Götting C, Kleesiek K, Mueller-Roesel M, Koschinsky T, Uribarri J, Vlassara H, Tschoepe D. Diabetes Care. 2006 Sep;29(9):2064-71.
Read the AbstractStracke H, Lindemann A, Federlin K. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1996;104(4):311-6.
Read the AbstractHaupt E, Ledermann H, Köpcke W. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Feb;43(2):71-7.
Read the AbstractStracke H, Gaus W, Achenbach U, Federlin K, Bretzel RG. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2008 Nov;116(10):600-5.
Read the AbstractAng CD, Alviar MJ, Dans AL, Bautista-Velez GG, Villaruz-Sulit MV, Tan JJ, Co HU, Bautista MR, Roxas AA. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16;2008(3):CD004573.
Read the AbstractAlpha Lipoic Acid
Alpha Lipoic Acid
[Alpha-lipoic acid] and [its reduced form] have been demonstrated to fight oxidative stress by quenching a variety of reactive oxygen species... [and are] able to regenerate other endogenous antioxidants, for example, vitamins E and C.
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Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau KJ, Meissner HP, Lobisch M, Schütte K, Gries FA. Diabetologia. 1995 Dec;38(12):1425-33.
Read the AbstractAmetov AS, Barinov A, Dyck PJ, Hermann R, Kozlova N, Litchy WJ, Low PA, Nehrdich D, Novosadova M, O'Brien PC, Reljanovic M, Samigullin R, Schuette K, Strokov I, Tritschler HJ, Wessel K, Yakhno N, Ziegler D. Diabetes Care. 2003 Mar;26(3):770-6.
Read the AbstractZiegler D, Ametov A, Barinov A, Dyck PJ, Gurieva I, Low PA, Munzel U, Yakhno N, Raz I, Novosadova M, Maus J, Samigullin R. Diabetes Care. 2006 Nov;29(11):2365-70.
Read the AbstractZiegler D, Nowak H, Kempler P, Vargha P, Low PA. Diabet Med. 2004 Feb;21(2):114-21.
Read the AbstractAcetyl L-Carnitine
Acetyl L-Carnitine
[Acetyl-L-carnitine is] a naturally occurring molecule that acts as an acetyl donor group that is critical for lipid transport and the maintaining of mitochondrial function.
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Sima AA, Calvani M, Mehra M, Amato A. Diabetes Care. 2005 Jan;28(1):89-94.
Read the AbstractDe Grandis D, Minardi C. Drugs R D. 2002;3(4):223-31.
Read the AbstractLi S, Li Q, Li Y, Li L, Tian H, Sun X. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 9;10(3):e0119479.
Read the AbstractRolim LC, da Silva EM, Flumignan RL, Abreu MM, Dib SA. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 15;6(6):CD011265.
Read the AbstractTomassoni D, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Bramanti V, Ghelardini C, Amenta F, Pacini A. Neural Regen Res. 2018 Apr;13(4):692-698.
Read the AbstractLi S, Chen X, Li Q, Du J, Liu Z, Peng Y, Xu M, Li Q, Lei M, Wang C, Zheng S, Zhang X, Yu H, Shi J, Tao S, Feng P, Tian H. J Diabetes Investig. 2016 Sep;7(5):777-85.
Read the AbstractBiotin
Biotin
Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that plays a vital role in cellular metabolism... an essential cofactor for several carboxylase enzymes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose.
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Koutsikos D, Agroyannis B, Tzanatos-Exarchou H. Biomed Pharmacother. 1990;44(10):511-4.
Read the AbstractKellom E, Stepien K, Rice G, Wolf B. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2021 Mar;26:100696.
Read the AbstractSedel F, Papeix C, Bellanger A, Touitou V, Lebrun-Frenay C, Galanaud D, Gout O, Lyon-Caen O, Tourbah A. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2015 Mar;4(2):159-69.
Read the AbstractCréange A, Hutin E, Sedel F, Le Vigouroux L, Lefaucheur JP. BMC Neurol. 2023 Oct 30;23(1):389.
Read the AbstractAlbarracin CA, Fuqua BC, Evans JL, Goldfine ID. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2008 Jan-Feb;24(1):41-51.
Read the AbstractFolate
Folate
[Folate] and its active metabolite 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate improve nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by increasing endothelial NO synthase coupling and NO production, as well as by directly scavenging superoxide radicals.
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Fonseca VA, Lavery LA, Thethi TK, Daoud Y, DeSouza C, Ovalle F, Denham DS, Bottiglieri T, Sheehan P, Rosenstock J. Am J Med. 2013 Feb;126(2):141-9.
Read the AbstractTaverner T, Crowe FL, Thomas GN, Gokhale K, Thayakaran R, Nirantharakumar K, Rajabally YA. Nutrients. 2019 Oct 14;11(10):2443.
Read the AbstractStanhewicz AE, Alexander LM, Kenney WL. Clin Sci (Lond). 2015 Jul;129(2):159-67.
Read the AbstractAnsari R, Mahta A, Mallack E, Luo JJ. J Clin Neurol. 2014 Oct;10(4):281-8.
Read the AbstractJacobs AM, Cheng D. Rev Neurol Dis. 2011;8(1-2):39-47.
Read the AbstractVitamin B12
Vitamin B12
[Vitamin B12] is especially awarded a function in the DNA synthesis of myelin-producing oligodendrocytes and the synthesis of myelin... [the] myelin sheath surrounds the axons of many nerves and serves as an electrical insulation, thereby facilitating fast conduction velocity.
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Okada K, Tanaka H, Temporin K, Okamoto M, Kuroda Y, Moritomo H, Murase T, Yoshikawa H. Exp Neurol. 2010 Apr;222(2):191-203.
Read the AbstractYaqub BA, Siddique A, Sulimani R. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1992;94(2):105-11.
Read the AbstractSun Y, Lai MS, Lu CJ. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2005 Jun;14(2):48-54.
Read the AbstractSawangjit R, Thongphui S, Chaichompu W, Phumart P. J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Dec;26(12):1117-1129.
Read the AbstractDidangelos T, Karlafti E, Kotzakioulafi E, Margariti E, Giannoulaki P, Batanis G, Tesfaye S, Kantartzis K. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 27;13(2):395.
Read the AbstractChromium
Chromium
Chromium picolinate... was found to have [a] beneficial effect [on]... lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status [, normalizing the activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase].
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Hua Y, Clark S, Ren J, Sreejayan N. J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Apr;23(4):313-9.
Read the AbstractImanparast F, Mashayekhi FJ, Kamankesh F, Paknejad M, Mobarra N, Faramarzi MA. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2020 Dec;62:126639.
Read the AbstractAsbaghi O, Naeini F, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Ghaedi E, Eslampour E, Nazarian B, Ashtary-Larky D, Naeini AA. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Nov;161:105098.
Read the AbstractAlbarracin CA, Fuqua BC, Evans JL, Goldfine ID. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2008 Jan-Feb;24(1):41-51.
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