Ingredient Research
Milk Thistle
Milk Thistle
Milk thistle extract administration induced a decreasing trend in [non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score] compared with the vehicle group. Milk thistle induced a numerical decrease of the steatosis score compared with vehicle, and this was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in liver weight and the liver-to-body weight ratio.
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Cacciapuoti F, Scognamiglio A, Palumbo R, Forte R, Cacciapuoti F. World J Hepatol. 2013 Mar 27; 5(3): 109–113.
Read the AbstractZhong S, Fan Y, Yan Q, Fan X, Wu B, Han Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Niu J. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Dec; 96(49): e9061.
Read the AbstractZhu SY, Jiang N, Yang J, Tu J, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Dong Y. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Apr;100:191-197. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.144. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
Read the AbstractMilosević N, Milanović M, Abenavoli L, Milić N. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2014;9(3):195-203.
Read the AbstractCarmela C, Luigi B, and Ludovico A. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Dec 21; 23(47): 8437–8438.
Read the AbstractN-Acetyl Cysteine
N-Acetyl Cysteine
Dietary [N-Acetyl Cysteine] is an effective hepatic antioxidant that abolished NASH-induced lipid peroxidation, attenuated reductions in hepatic GSH, blocked NASH-associated autoimmune responses, inhibited the production of TNF-α and attenuated inflammation, leading to significant reduction in cellular damage, hepatocyte injury and fibrosis.
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Khoshbaten M, Aliasgarzadeh A, Masnadi K, Tarzamani MK, Farhang S, Babaei H, Kiani J, Zaare M, Najafipoor F. Hepat Mon. 2010 Winter;10(1):12-6. Epub 2010 Mar 1.
Read the AbstractEl-Lakkany NH, El-Din SHS, Sabra AA, Hammam OA, Ebeid FA. Res Pharm Sci. 2016 Oct; 11(5): 374–382.
Read the AbstractAli MH, Messiha BA, Abdel-Latif HA. Pharm Biol. 2016 Jul;54(7):1198-208. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1060247. Epub 2015 Jul 1.
Read the AbstractOliveira CP, Cotrim HP, Stefano JT, Siqueira ACG, Salgado ALA, Parise ER. Arq Gastroenterol. 2019 Aug 13;56(2):184-190. doi: 10.1590/S0004-2803.201900000-36.
Read the AbstractDe Andrade KQ, Moura FA, Dos Santos JM, de Araújo ORP, Santos JCF, Goulart MOF. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Dec; 16(12): 30269–30308.
Read the AbstractDandelion Root
Dandelion Root
[Dandelion] significantly increased activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in liver and muscle protein. [Dandelion] significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in the liver, reduced [metabolic hormone] resistance, and lipid in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice via the AMPK pathway.
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Davaatseren M, Hur HJ, Yang HJ, Hwang JT, Park JH, Kim HJ, Kim MS, Kim MJ, Kwon DY, Sung MJ. J Med Food. 2013 Jan;16(1):26-33. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2226. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
Read the AbstractHfaiedh M, Brahmi D, Zourgui L. Environ Toxicol. 2016 Mar;31(3):339-49. doi: 10.1002/tox.22048. Epub 2014 Oct 1.
Read the AbstractDomitrović R, Jakovac H, Romić Z, Rahelić D, Tadić Z. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Aug 9;130(3):569-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.046. Epub 2010 Jun 2.
Read the AbstractWirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB. Rev Diabet Stud. 2016 Summer-Fall; 13(2-3): 113–131.
Read the AbstractChoi UK, Lee OH, Yim JH, Cho CW, Rhee YK, Lim SI, Kim YC. Int J Mol Sci. 2010 Jan; 11(1): 67–78.
Read the AbstractArtichoke Leaf
Artichoke Leaf
Doppler sonography showed increased hepatic vein flow[...], reduced portal vein diameter [...], and liver size [...], reduction in serum ALT [...] and AST [...] levels, improvement in AST/ALT ratio and APRI scores [...], and reduction in total bilirubin. [Artichoke leaf] supplementation reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations.
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Tang X, Wei R, Deng A, Lei T. Nutrients. 2017 Sep; 9(9): 1000.
Read the AbstractRangboo V, Noroozi M, Zavoshy R, Rezadoost SA, Mohammadpoorasl A. Int J Hepatol. 2016; 2016: 4030476.
Read the AbstractAhmadi A, Heidarian E, Ghatreh-Samani K. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2019 Aug 30;30(5). pii: /j/jbcpp.2019.30.issue-5/jbcpp-2018-0180/jbcpp-2018-0180.xml. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0180.
Read the AbstractKurt H, Toprak O, Bülbül E. Case Reports Hepatol. 2014; 2014: 697359.
Read the AbstractCholine Bitartrate
Choline Bitartrate
[Subjects] were divided into two groups and fed a [choline deficient] diet with or without 0.2% choline bitartrate for one or three weeks. [...] The [choline deficient] diet lowered liver choline metabolites after one week and exacerbated fatty liver between one and three weeks. We identified >300 genes whose expression was significantly altered in the livers of mice after consumption of this CD diet for one week.
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Sherriff JL, O'Sullivan TA, Properzi C, Oddo JL, Adams LA. Adv Nutr. 2016 Jan; 7(1): 5–13.
Read the AbstractCorbin KD, Zeisel SH. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2012 Mar; 28(2): 159–165.
Read the AbstractMehedint MG, Zeisel SH. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013 May; 16(3): 339–345.
Read the AbstractWiedeman AM, Barr SI, Green TJ, Xu Z, Innis SM, Kitts DD. Nutrients. 2018 Oct; 10(10): 1513.
Read the AbstractSchugar RC, Huang X, Moll AR, Brunt EM, Crawford PA. PLoS One. 2013; 8(8): e74806.
Read the AbstractHeo G, Suk K. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2019 Mar; 24(1): 32–40.
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