Ingredient Research
Amylase
Amylase
Individuals [with high levels of amylase] may be better adapted to ingest starches, whereas LA individuals may be at greater risk [...] if chronically ingesting starch-rich diets.
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Layer P, Zinsmeister AR, DiMagno EP. Gastroenterology. 1986 Jul;91(1):41-8.
Read the AbstractAkinfemiwa O, Muniraj T. Amylase. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 32491670.
Read the AbstractKurahashi M, Inomata K. J Dent Res. 1989 Sep;68(9):1366-9.
Read the AbstractYin D, Yin X, Wang X, Lei Z, Wang M, Guo Y, Aggrey SE, Nie W, Yuan J. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2018 Mar 12;9:24.
Read the AbstractKumar VV, Sudha KM, Bennur S, Dhanasekar KR. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Feb 28;9(2):1108-1112.
Read the AbstractProtease
Protease
Enzyme replacement [using] a defined mixture of proteases, lipases and amylases can be used to achieve normal or near-normal absorption in most people.
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Mariaule V, Kriaa A, Soussou S, Rhimi S, Boudaya H, Hernandez J, Maguin E, Lesner A, Rhimi M. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 10;22(6):2817. doi: 10.3390/ijms22062817.
Read the AbstractVergnolle N. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;141(8):1264-74.
Read the AbstractLorkowski G. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2012;4(1):10-27.
Read the AbstractMótyán JA, Tóth F, Tőzsér J. Biomolecules. 2013 Nov 8;3(4):923-42.
Read the AbstractWard OP. Comprehensive Biotechnology. 2011:604–15.
Read the AbstractAlpha-Galactosidase
Alpha-Galactosidase
Alpha-galactosidase significantly reduced global [digestive] distress compared to placebo. The digestive enzyme decreased the number of days with moderate to severe bloating and the proportion of patients with flatulence.
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Di Stefano M, Miceli E, Gotti S, Missanelli A, Mazzocchi S, Corazza GR. Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Jan;52(1):78-83.
Read the AbstractGaniats TG, Norcross WA, Halverson AL, Burford PA, Palinkas LA. J Fam Pract. 1994 Nov;39(5):441-5.
Read the AbstractMaconi G, Bolzacchini E, Radice E, Marzocchi M, Badini M. J Ultrasound. 2012 May 17;15(4):232-8.
Read the AbstractZhang S, Song J, Deng Z, Cheng L, Tian M, Guan W. Arch Anim Nutr. 2017 Dec;71(6):441-454.
Read the AbstractAmer SA, Naser MAF, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Saleh AA, Elsayed SAM, Abdel Fattah DM, Metwally AE. BMC Vet Res. 2020 May 20;16(1):144.
Read the AbstractGlucoamylase
Glucoamylase
Dietary glucoamylase supplementation improved 7 to 13% apparent digestibility of dry matter and starch [...], suggesting that enzyme (glucoamylase) supplementation could be a promising strategy to improve starch efficiency.
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Lebenthal E, Khin-Maung-U, Zheng BY, Lu RB, Lerner A. J Pediatr. 1994 Apr;124(4):541-6.
Read the AbstractQuezada-Calvillo R, Robayo-Torres CC, Opekun AR, Sen P, Ao Z, Hamaker BR, Quaroni A, Brayer GD, Wattler S, Nehls MC, Sterchi EE, Nichols BL. J Nutr. 2007 Jul;137(7):1725-33.
Read the AbstractYin D, Yin X, Wang X, Lei Z, Wang M, Guo Y, Aggrey SE, Nie W, Yuan J. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2018 Mar 12;9:24.
Read the AbstractLee BH, Lin AH, Nichols BL, Jones K, Rose DR, Quezada-Calvillo R, Hamaker BR. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 May;58(5):1111-21.
Read the AbstractLin AH, Nichols BL, Quezada-Calvillo R, Avery SE, Sim L, Rose DR, Naim HY, Hamaker BR. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e35473.
Read the AbstractLactase
Lactase
The mean breath H2 response to the lactase-treated milk was significantly lower [...] than the mean response to regular milk. [...] It is concluded that the lactase-treated milk reduces breath H2 responses and symptomatic discomfort from malabsorption.
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Malik TF, Panuganti KK. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
Read the AbstractFraissl L, Leitner R, Missbichler A. Clin Transl Allergy. 2011 Aug 12;1(Suppl 1):P104.
Read the AbstractMisselwitz B, Butter M, Verbeke K, Fox MR. Gut. 2019 Nov;68(11):2080-2091.
Read the AbstractOjetti V, Gigante G, Gabrielli M, Ainora ME, Mannocci A, Lauritano EC, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Mar;14(3):163-70.
Read the AbstractMontalto M, Nucera G, Santoro L, Curigliano V, Vastola M, Covino M, Cuoco L, Manna R, Gasbarrini A, Gasbarrini G. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(4):489-93.
Read the AbstractPortincasa P, Di Ciaula A, Vacca M, Montelli R, Wang DQ, Palasciano G. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008 Nov;38(11):835-44.
Read the AbstractBaijal R, Tandon RK. JGH Open. 2020 Dec 1;5(1):143-148.
Read the AbstractInvertase
Invertase
Invertase [has] been detected in a centrifugally isolated particulate fraction of disrupted mucosal cells of [the] small intestine. […] Oligosaccharide formation by the enzyme preparation incubated with sucrose or with maltose has been demonstrated. […] Two benzidine-negative sugars were detected as products of the action of the enzyme on sucrose in the presence of glucose.
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Zhou G, Peng C, Liu X, Chang F, Xiao Y, Liu J, Fang Z. Front Microbiol. 2020 Apr 9;11:633.
Read the AbstractChen L, Zheng F, Feng Z, Li Y, Ma M, Wang G, Zhao H. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 24;23(1):176.
Read the AbstractAnsari MI, Yadav A, Lal R. Bioinformation. 2013 May 25;9(9):464-5.
Read the AbstractDu L, Pang H, Wang Z, Lu J, Wei Y, Huang R. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 19;8(4):e62306.
Read the AbstractLipase
Lipase
Stomach fullness, bloating, and nausea increased significantly 10 minutes after ingestion of the fatty meal [...] With lipase, reports of stomach fullness were significantly lower compared with placebo.
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Zhu G, Fang Q, Zhu F, Huang D, Yang C. Front Genet. 2021 Jul 5;12:693538.
Read the AbstractGargouri Y, Pieroni G, Moreau H, Ferrato F, Rivière C, Saunière JF, Lowe PA, Sarda L, Verger R. Reprod Nutr Dev (1980). 1986;26(5B):1163-76.
Read the AbstractPirahanchi Y, Sharma S. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
Read the AbstractLiu JB, Cao SC, Liu J, Pu J, Chen L, Zhang HF. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2018 Dec;31(12):1963-1973.
Read the AbstractRobinson PJ, Olinsky A, Smith AL, Chitravanshi SB. Arch Dis Child. 1989 Jan;64(1):143-5.
Read the AbstractAcid Maltase
Acid Maltase
The shared exon structures and peptide domains, including proton donors, suggest that [acid maltase] evolved by duplication of an ancestral gene, which itself had already undergone tandem gene duplication. The complementary human enzyme activities allow digestion of the starches of plant origin that make up two-thirds of most diets.
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Isaacs H, Savage N, Badenhorst M, Whistler T. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Sep;49(9):1011-8.
Read the AbstractLin AH, Nichols BL, Quezada-Calvillo R, Avery SE, Sim L, Rose DR, Naim HY, Hamaker BR. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e35473.
Read the AbstractPuertolas MV, Fifi AC. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 29;10(12):1835.
Read the AbstractNichols BL, Baker SS, Quezada-Calvillo R. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Jun;66 Suppl 3:S24-S29.
Read the AbstractPeptidase
Peptidase
[Peptidase] reduced the disease activity index and prevented colonic shortening, spleen enlargement, glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide production as compared to the control group. Further, there was significant reduction in C-reactive protein level [...] as compared to control.
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Kim YS, Erickson RH. Gastroenterology. 1985 Apr;88(4):1071-3.
Read the AbstractSmith EL, Bergmann M. UCLA Forum Med Sci. 1979;(21):2-19.
Read the AbstractRichardson RI, Jouan AR. Br J Nutr. 1986 Jan;55(1):149-56.
Read the AbstractYoshioka M, Erickson RH, Kim YS. P. J Clin Invest. 1988 Apr;81(4):1090-5.
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