Ingredient Research
L-Carnitine Tartrate
"Ten resistance-trained men supplemented with [L-Carnitine Tartrate...] or placebo [...] for 21 [days], provided muscle biopsies for [androgen receptor] determinations, then performed two [resistance-exercise] protocols [...] [L-Carnitine Tartrate] supplementation upregulated preexercise [androgen receptor] content compared with [placebo.] "
Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, French DN, Rubin MR, Sharman MJ, Gómez AL, Ratamess NA, Newton RU, Jemiolo B, Craig BW, Häkkinen K.
J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Aug;17(3):455-62.
Wall BT, Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Marimuthu K, Macdonald IA, Greenhaff PL.
J Physiol. 2011 Feb 15; 589(Pt 4): 963–973.
Ho JY, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Fragala MS, Thomas GA, Dunn-Lewis C, Coday M, Häkkinen K, Maresh CM.
Metabolism. 2010 Aug;59(8):1190-9. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.012. Epub 2009 Dec 31.
Wall BT, Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Marimuthu K, Macdonald IA, Greenhaff PL.
J Physiol. 2011 Feb 15;589(Pt 4):963-73. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343. Epub 2011 Jan 4.
Mucuna Pruriens
"[Mucuna] pruriens seeds are rich source of l-DOPA and its metabolites, which include epinephrine and norepinephrine. Therefore, an increase in dopamine level in the brain following [mucuna] pruriens treatment may [...] increase plasma testosterone level. [...] On the basis of the afore-stated facts, it may be proposed that increased dopamine level in the brain may not only optimize the release of [primary male] hormones [...] leading to increased [...] drive and improved performance, but it may also accomplish reduction of psychological stress."
Yamada T, Nakamura J, Murakami M, Okuno Y, Hosokawa S, Matsuo M, Yamada H.
Toxicology. 1995 Mar 31;97(1-3):173-82.
Sahin K, Orhan C, Akdemir F, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Sahin N, Turk G, Yilmaz I, Ozercan IH, Juturu V.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016; 16(1): 318.
Suresh S, Prakash S.
J Sex Med. 2012 Dec;9(12):3066-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01831.x. Epub 2010 Apr 26.
Shukla KK, Mahdi AA, Ahmad MK, Shankhwar SN, Rajender S, Jaiswar SP.
Fertil Steril. 2009 Dec;92(6):1934-40. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.045. Epub 2008 Oct 29.
Fenugreek
"[Fenugreek] supplementation demonstrated significant anabolic and androgenic activity as compared with the placebo. [Fenugreek] treated subjects showed significant improvements in body fat without a reduction in muscle strength or repetitions to failure. The [fenugreek] supplementation was found to be safe and well-tolerated."
Maheshwari A, Verma N, Swaroop A, Bagchi M, Preuss HG, Tiwari K, Bagchi D.
Int J Med Sci. 2017; 14(1): 58–66.
Steels E, Rao A, Vitetta L.
Phytother Res. 2011 Sep;25(9):1294-300. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3360. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
Maheshwari A, Verma N, Swaroop A, Bagchi M, Preuss HG, Tiwari K, Bagchi D.
Int J Med Sci. 2017 Jan 10;14(1):58-66. doi: 10.7150/ijms.17256. eCollection 2017.
Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L.
Aging Male. 2016 Jun;19(2):134-42. doi: 10.3109/13685538.2015.1135323. Epub 2016 Jan 20.
Tongkat Ali
"Tongkat ali [...] is known to increase [primary male hormone] levels and alleviate aging males' symptoms. Treatment resulted in significant increases in total and free [hormone] concentrations and muscular force in men [...] The study affirms the ergogenic benefit of [tongkat ali] through enhanced muscle strength."
Thu HE, Mohamed IN, Hussain Z, Jayusman PA, Shuid AN.
Chin J Nat Med. 2017 Jan;15(1):71-80. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(17)30010-9.
Solomon MC, Erasmus N, Henkel RR.
Andrologia. 2014 May;46(4):339-48. doi: 10.1111/and.12082. Epub 2013 Mar 6.
Effendy NM, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Mohamad IN, Shuid AN.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012: 125761.
Wahab NA, Mokhtar NM, Halim WNHA, Das S.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2010 Jan; 65(1): 93–98.
Forskolin
"In testicular Leydig cells, forskolin causes the expected stimulation of [primary male hormone] production and potentiates gonadotropin-induced responses [...] In addition, when added at lower doses that did not affect [...] testosterone responses [...], forskolin caused an increase in sensitivity to hormonal stimulation."
Lindzey J, Grossmann M, Kumar MV, Tindall DJ.
Mol Endocrinol. 1993 Dec;7(12):1530-40.